Rediscovering Ugni molinae: The Fragrant, Flavorful Chilean Guava
If you’re searching for a unique, flavorful addition to your garden that’s both eye-catching and delectable, look no further than Ugni molinae, also known as Myrtus ugni, Chilean guava, strawberry myrtle, or New Zealand cranberry. Native to South America, this small, evergreen shrub has steadily gained popularity in home gardens and commercial landscaping around the world, thanks to its delicious berries, compact size, and beautiful foliage. Let’s dive into everything you need to know about growing, caring for, and enjoying this exceptional plant.
What is Ugni molinae?
Ugni molinae, Myrtus ugni or Chilean guava, is a compact, evergreen shrub that belongs to the myrtle family (Myrtaceae). It’s known for its small, glossy, dark green leaves, delicate white to pink flowers, and, most importantly, its small, aromatic red berries. These berries are often described as tasting like a mix of strawberry, guava, and even pineapple, with a hint of spice, making them highly coveted among fruit enthusiasts.
Chilean guava is sometimes referred to as “murtilla” in its native Chile, where it grows in the wild. It’s a relatively low-maintenance plant that can thrive in both garden beds and containers, making it ideal for a variety of growing conditions.
A relatively unknown gem in many gardens, Ugni molinae captured the attention of European plant collectors back in the 19th century. Described in 1809 by the Italian Jesuit priest and naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina, it was featured in his influential book, The Geographical, Natural and Civil History of Chili. The book caught the eye of the renowned English horticultural firm Veitch, who saw this little shrub’s potential and dispatched plant hunter William Lobb to Chile. He brought it back to England in 1851, where it soon began to flourish in English gardens. Rumor has it that even Queen Victoria became a devoted fan, enjoying the berries fresh from the milder gardens of Cornwall. Today, this rare treasure deserves a second look for its hardiness, beauty, and delectable berries.
Let’s explore what makes this long-overlooked plant so unique—and how you can enjoy it in your own garden.
Breathtaking Aroma
What really sets Ugni molinae apart is its incredible fragrance, especially as its berries begin to ripen from late summer into autumn. The shrub’s small, waxy, dark green leaves may be modest, but the air around it fills with the scent of ripe strawberries, luring passersby to sample its fruit. For the best flavor, however, patience is key: allowing the berries to fully mature into late-autumn yields the most intense, slightly sherbet-like strawberry taste—a truly rewarding experience.
Gorgeous Foliage and Blooms
Throughout late spring and summer, Ugni molinae graces gardens with pale pink, delicate blooms that contrast beautifully against its evergreen foliage. The leaves, often compared to other myrtle varieties, have a deep green, waxy quality that adds texture and visual interest even before the berries arrive. Growing to a modest size of about one meter by one meter unpruned, the plant is perfectly suited for smaller gardens or containers.
An Underappreciated Fruit with a Global Story
Although Ugni molinae is a beloved staple in South American markets, it is still somewhat rare to find its berries sold elsewhere. The little fruit, often just a bit larger than a blueberry, is packed with flavor and nutrients, including high levels of vitamin C and antioxidants.
Key Benefits of Growing Chilean Guava
Delicious and Nutritious Berries: The berries of Ugni molinae are packed with vitamin C, antioxidants, and fiber, making them a healthy addition to your diet.
Compact Size: With a mature height of only 1-2 meters, Chilean guava is a great choice for smaller gardens or container planting.
Ornamental Appeal: The glossy foliage, delicate flowers, and vibrant red berries make this shrub visually appealing year-round.
Hardiness: Chilean guava is quite hardy, capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -10°C (14°F), especially when protected.
How to Grow Ugni molinae
1. Ideal Growing Conditions
Climate: Chilean guava prefers cool, coastal climates similar to its native Chilean habitat. It does well in our climate, thriving in areas with mild winters and moderate summers.
Light: Full sun to partial shade. In hot climates, some afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent leaf scorching.
Soil: Well-draining, acidic soil is ideal though not a deal breaker! Like blueberries, Chilean guava appreciates slightly acidic conditions with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. However mine thrive in neutral conditions.
2. Planting
Site Preparation: Prepare the planting area by loosening the soil and adding organic matter such as compost to improve drainage and acidity.
Spacing: Space plants about 1 meter apart if planting in groups, or place a single plant in a 12-16 inch pot if container gardening.
Transplanting: For best results, plant young shrubs in early spring after the last frost. If planting in a container, use an acidic potting mix.
3. Watering and Mulching
Watering: Maintain even soil moisture, especially during dry periods. While Chilean guava is fairly drought-resistant once established, consistent moisture helps the berries reach full flavor and size. Avoid waterlogging, as Chilean guava does not like “wet feet.”
Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base to conserve moisture, regulate soil temperature, and control weeds. Pine needles or bark chips are excellent choices as they also help to maintain soil acidity.
4. Fertilisation
Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring to support new growth. Alternatively, an acidic fertilizer formulated for blueberries or azaleas can be beneficial. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this plant is sensitive to excessive nitrogen.
5. Pruning and Maintenance
Pruning: Light pruning in late winter or early spring can help maintain the plant’s shape and promote bushier growth. Remove any dead or damaged branches to keep the plant healthy.
Pest and Disease Control: Ugni molinae is relatively pest-resistant, but aphids or scale insects may occasionally appear. Use a gentle insecticidal soap if needed, and monitor for fungal issues if the plant becomes too wet.
Harvesting and Using Chilean Guava Berries
Chilean guava berries typically ripen in late Autumn, ours are just perfect now at the start of November . When ripe, the berries turn deep red, are slightly soft to the touch, and exude a sweet aroma.
Harvesting: Gently pull the berries off the stem, being careful not to damage the plant.
Eating Fresh: Enjoy them fresh, right off the plant! They have a unique, intense flavor that’s a delightful combination of tropical and berry notes.
Culinary Uses: Chilean guava berries can be used in a variety of ways. They’re perfect for:
Jams and Jellies: Their naturally high pectin content makes them ideal for preserves.
Desserts: Use them as a topping for cakes, pastries, and ice cream, or add them to smoothies.
Infusions: The berries’ aromatic qualities make them excellent for infusing into beverages like teas, cocktails, and even gin.
Common Challenges and Troubleshooting
Leaf Scorching: In hot climates, leaves may become scorched if exposed to intense afternoon sun. Move potted plants to a shadier spot or provide cover if growing in the ground.
Yellowing Leaves: If leaves start to turn yellow, it may be a sign of iron deficiency, often due to overly alkaline soil. Apply an acidifying fertilizer and check your soil pH to ensure it’s sufficiently acidic.
Final Thoughts
Chilean guava (Ugni molinae) is a rewarding plant that provides a perfect combination of ornamental beauty and edible bounty. With its unique taste, stunning appearance, and relatively low maintenance requirements, it’s a fantastic addition to any garden, large or small. Whether you’re an experienced horticulturist or a home gardener looking for something new, this South American gem is sure to impress.
So, if you’re ready to add a touch of exotic flavor and beauty to your garden, consider planting Ugni molinae. This little shrub might just become the centerpiece of your landscape—and your recipes!
Orlaith x